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The article focuses on the women’s communicative and spatial horizons in early modern Eastern Europe; this topic has been poorly studied in the scientific literature. The main research objective is the quantitative and qualitative analysis of epistolographic material belonging to a typical representative of the seventeenth-century female elite in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the establishment of her geographic horizons in terms of the space in which she moved physically (mobility related to her lifelong travels) and mentally (geographic space close to her perceptions and far from them). Quantitative analyses were carried out mainly on the basis of correspondence from the period from 1620 to 1642 belonging to Katarzyna Zamoyska née Ostrogska, and, where possible, the results of the studies were compared with the findings of other researchers.

The study examines the territorial differentiation of Hungary after the expulsion of the Ottomans based on the first complete census for taxation purposes (1720). Analysing the data of the GISta Hungarorum database aggregated for 8–10 thousand settlements, the research seeks to find answers to the question which areas had the most favourable conditions in the Kingdom of Hungary and Transylvania using the plot size per peasant (extensification) and meadow per serf (animal husbandry), the proportion of landless (declassification, land fragmentation), the proportion of burghers (non-agricultural earners), the intensity of agriculture and soil fertility. We examine which areas are characterised by population density exceedingthe relative capacity of the area, and whether the socio-economic-demographic situation of the lowlands devastated by the Turks was really as desperate as was thought, and the economic potential of the new types of settlement in the resettled areas is also examined.

This study addresses the question of whether, and to what extent, wars and epidemics of infectious diseases affected selected demographic parameters of the Roman Catholic population of Lublin between 1811 and 1900. The analysis was based on vital statistics extracted from selected parish records in Lublin. The article aims to reconstruct the population’s status and age structure, alongside key demographic indicators such as the Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR), Net Reproduction Rate (NRR), and life expectancy at birth. The method of Inverse Projection was employed. The simulations conducted provided insights into the processes of population reproduction, the long-term evolution of gross and net reproduction rates, and trends in life expectancy at birth (e₀). These demographic parameters and their dynamics were examined in the context of external factors potentially influencing demographic behaviour.